定语从句初中教学课件

　　在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 ，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

　　1.由who引导的定语从句中 ，who用作主语,如 ： This is the boy who often helps me.

　　2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

　　3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ，whose用作定语,如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

　　4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：

　　The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.

　　The river which is in front of my house is very clean.

　　This is the pen which you want.

　　注意 ：

　　(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在 whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

　　(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost

　　my bag, which I like very much.

　　(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

　　5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：

　　The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

　　注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。

　　(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如 ：

　　All that we have to do is to practise English.