论诗经中的择偶观——以《诗经·国风》为例

时间:2021-08-31

  摘要:爱情自古以来就是一个亘古不变的话题,本文主要想通过对《诗经》中爱情诗的研究,总结出先秦时代人们的择偶标准,真实地再现周代的时代风貌。本文主要从文本入手,分析总结两性之间的择偶标准,初步了解周代礼乐制度下的婚恋文化,体现爱情、婚姻存在的社会价值以及对选择配偶的审美标准等。从外貌到内在心里的角度阐释男性与女性的双向择偶标准,如女性的容貌、品行、忠贞等,男性的才能、人品等双向择偶观,并进一步探讨从文化层次所折射的爱情观、婚姻观以及有这些观念的原因所在。

  关键字:诗经;择偶;汉乐府;文学影响

  On Mate Selection in the Book of Songs

  ——With 《Book of songs•GuoFeng》 for example

  Abstract:Love since ancient times is a constant topic of this paper, on the "Book of Songs" love poems, summed up the pre-Qin era people on the marriage market, a true reproduction of the spirit of the times of the Zhou dynasty. In this paper, starting from the text, analysis summary of mate selection criteria between the sexes, a preliminary understanding of the system of the Zhou Dynasty Ceremony of Love and Marriage, reflecting the love and marriage existing social values and aesthetic standards to choose a spouse. The angle of the inner heart from the appearance to the interpretation of two-way male and female mate selection criteria, such as women's appearance, conduct, loyalty, men of talent, character, two-way mate concept, and further explore the concept of of refraction love from the cultural level, marital where the concept and the reasons for these concepts.

  Keywords:book of songs;Mate Selection;han music bureau;Literary influence

  纵观现有资料,我们知道礼教伴随着私有制在夏商之际产生。到西周,生产力得到迅速发展,礼教在社会上得到普及但尚未占统治地位,这就为当时人们的社会活动提供了一个较为宽松自由的社会环境。古人认为,人是承“天地之德、阴阳之交、鬼神之会、五行之秀”[1]而产生的,是“天地之心”、“万物之君”。而礼的作用就在于“取天之道”,“治人之情”,他具体体现表现为“人义”。何为“人义”?即“父慈、子孝、兄良、弟悌,夫义、妇听、长惠,幼顺,君仁、臣忠”[2]《左传•昭公二十六年》对礼的解释为“君令臣共,父慈子孝,兄爱弟敬,夫和妻柔,姑慈妇听。”从字里行间我们不难看出“人义”所包含的具体要求。其中也涉及到了对夫妇的要求,要求夫妇分别做到“义”、“和”与“听”、“柔”,这其实也是当时人一些择偶标准,本文就是要以《诗经•国风》为研究对象探寻其中表现出的那个时代的人们的择偶标准以及有此择偶标准的原因何在。