药理学论文(3)

时间:2021-08-31

5 单克隆抗体耐药性的应对策略

  通过对抗 CD20 单克隆抗体药物的研究,我们认为,治疗性单克隆抗体药物和 FcγRIIB 的结合是导致单克隆抗体药物耐药的重要原因。Roghanian 等[15]联合使用 FcγRIIB 特异性封闭抗体6G11 和利妥昔单克隆抗体药物,对小鼠表达人 CD20 和 FcγRIIB 进行细胞实验。表明 FcγRIIB 特异性封闭抗体降低了体外实验中 B 细胞表面 CD20 的内化,提高了机体内 B 细胞的耗竭。此外,观察到类似的 B 细胞消耗增大,6G11 突变体 N297Q 与利妥昔单克隆抗体药物联合使用时,利妥昔单克隆抗体药物的Fc 片段无法与 FcγR 结合。这表明通过防止单克隆抗体药物在 FcγRIIB 和靶点间形成双极抗体桥接,减少了部分的利妥昔单克隆抗体药物介导的内化,进而增强治疗效果。

  除了抑制内化,阻断双极抗体桥接形成也能增加单克隆抗体和反式表达 FcγR 的相互作用。使用 FcγRIIB 阻断抗体,如6G11,也可以防止单克隆抗 体 药 物 与 反 式 的 吞 噬 细 胞 和 肿 瘤 细 胞FcγRIIB 的结合,进而提高活化抑制率,最终达到提高治疗效果的目的。

  实用药物与临床2017 年第20 卷第1 期 Practical Pharmacy And Clinical Remedies,2017,Vol.20,No.1·111·治疗单克隆抗体药物同 6G11 联合使用的临床实验结果,值得期待。如果成功,阻断 FcγRIIB的单克隆抗体药物将可能用于多种靶向单克隆抗体药物的联合治疗。抗 FcγRIIB 的单克隆抗体药物可以阻断下游抑制性信号通路,增加靶向单克隆抗体药物的治疗效果。然而,有研究表明,反向表达的 FcγRIIB 的交叉连接对于某些单克隆抗体药物( 如抗 CD40 的药物) 是必须的,阻断 FcγRIIB 不利于单克隆抗体药物发挥作用,因此,在使用这种方法之前需要对抗体发挥作用的机制进行评估。

6 结论

  单克隆抗体药物已经改变疾病治疗的方式,尤其是在肿瘤领域。自 1997 年利妥昔单克隆抗体药物上市,已有大量单克隆抗体药物进入临床。这种治疗不同于常规的化疗,其耐药机制也有所不同。我们对内化机制、消除机制以及 FcγRIIB介导的其他耐药机制进行了介绍,特别是抗 CD20单克隆抗体药物的耐药机制的研究进展。如果克服抗体耐药的策略行之有效,将为抗体的临床治疗提供更广阔的前景。

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