英语句子分析(2)

时间:2021-08-31

篇二:英语句子成分分析大全

  因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。

  如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. (他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

  如:

  I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。)

  这两句话中分别由人称代词 him , 名词food 作宾语。

  直接宾语与间接宾语:

  有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的'人。

  如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书)

  这句话中 a book 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。

  又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。)

  这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。

  be 后是最常见如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。)

  这两句话分别由名词teachers, 形容词 kind

  作表语。

  这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰work。

  与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。

  如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

  这句话由副词hard 作study的状语。

  又如: Pandas only live in China. (熊猫仅生活在中国。)

  这句话由介词短语 in China 作live的状语。

  再如:In the afternoon, I went to swim. (下午,我去了游泳。)

  这句话由介词短语in the afternoon 作整个句子的状语。

  限制性同位语中同位语与被它限定的词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性同位语则用逗号隔开。 如: My uncle Mike is kind.(我的叔叔马克心地善良)

  这句话中,Mike 作my uncle

  的限制性同位语。

  又如:He is interested in sports, especially ball games.(他对运动感兴趣,特别是球类运动。)

  这句话中ball games 作sports 的非限制性同位语。

  ,属于独立成分。它的位置如: Sit down, Lucy.(露西,坐下)

  这句话Lucy 为呼语

  注意呼语与同位语的区别:同位语指一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,

  限定或说明,而呼语只是一个称呼。

  如: My sister Lucy is very beautiful.(我的妹妹露西很漂亮。)

  Lucy 为My sister 的同位语

  又如: Lucy, come on.(露西,过来。)

  Lucy为呼语

  (定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)

篇三:英语句子成分讲解

  英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

  1. 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

  The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)

  Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

  It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

  2. 谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

  We study English. He is asleep.

  3. 表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

  He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

  To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)

  The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

  (常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...

  It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

  Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

  The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

  The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

  4. 宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾

  I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

  How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

  We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

  I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

  2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

  Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

  3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

  He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

  5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

  We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

  Please make yourself at home. 介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)

  His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)

  Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

  6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

  Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)

  We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)

  The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)

  I have an idea to do it well. (不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

  7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

  表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 (以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.

  He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.

  If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.

  Though he is young, he can do it well.

  8. 同位语. 与句中的某一成分,常常是名词或代词,是同一意思, 可互相替换. ?

  ? 9. 主补:对主语的补充。

  He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.

  He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

  句子结构----简单句的五个基本句型

  1. 主语 + 不及物动词 She came./ My head aches.

  2. 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 She likes English.

  3. 主语 + 系动词 +主语补语 She is happy.

  4. 主语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me.

  5. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.

  The teacher asked me to read the passage.

  ( There +be There lies a book on the desk. )

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