定语从句课件

时间:2021-08-31

  定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词,下面是小编为大家收集整理的定语从句课件相关内容,欢迎阅读。

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

定语从句课件

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。

  例如:

   Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

   He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  

    2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

   例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

  那人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

  请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

  例如:

  A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

  农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

  例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

  任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

  北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

  这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后代替when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。

  例如:

  His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.

  他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

3. 判断关系代词与关系副词

  方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

  例如:

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

  这是我去年呆过的山村。

  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

  我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

  判断改错:

  (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

  (对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

  方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。

  例1. Is this museum ____ you visited a few days ago?

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  答案:例1 D;例2 A

  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ____ you visited a few days ago.

  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  在例1中,从句中所缺部分为宾语,而主句中又缺表语,所以只有the one可以作主句的表语,而关系代词作从句的宾语可以省略,所以选D。

  而例2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用关系副词where,又可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。

  关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。