导语李清照(1084年3月13日—约1155年),号易安居士,汉族,齐州济南(今山东省济南市章丘区)人。宋代女词人,婉约词派代表,有“千古第一才女”之称。以下是小编整理李清照词的声声慢赏析的资料,欢迎阅读参考。
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他晚来风急!雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。满地黄花堆积,憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑!梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏,点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得!
注释
①将息:将养休息。
②怎生:怎样,怎么。
③这次第:这一连串的情况。
评解
这是李清照南渡以后的一首震动词坛的名作。通过秋景秋情的描绘,抒发国破家亡、天涯沦落的悲苦,具有时代色彩。在结构上打破了上下片的局限,全词一气贯注,着意渲染愁情,如泣如诉,感人至深。首句连下十四个叠字,形象地抒写了作者的心情。下文“点点滴滴”又前后照应,表现了作者孤独寂寞的忧郁情绪和动荡不安的心境。全词一字一泪,缠绵哀怨,极富艺术感染力。
李清照的一生中,能够传神地表达出抒情主人公形象的非她的《声声慢》莫属。在浩如烟海的中国古典诗词中,这是一首不可多得的词,它在描写女性内心情愫的深刻,曲折,细腻等方面无人能及。它是一首不同凡响之作,词史上的一朵奇葩。
《声声慢》十分精美细致地表现了一个妇女在秋日从清晨到黄昏一整天孤独寂寞,凄楚悲哀的心绪。这种哀伤之情那样深沉,悲剧气氛那样浓厚。因此,可以认定是李清照晚年之作,与其前半生词中那种贵族少女天真无愁之气不同。这分明是从一颗破碎的心中迸发出的渗着血泪的深愁巨痛,曲折地然而典型地概括了作者南渡之后飘零的生活,凄凉的处境和充满着哀愁的内心世界。尽管这词没有直接反应当时的社会现实,但它决不是单纯的'只是作者自我心态的描写,而是以一个黑暗时代的牺牲者的悲剧间接地体现了历史的悲剧,从而具有一定的时代色彩,所以表现的这一特定的深沉的抒情主人公形象也具有了社会典型意义和审美价值。
这首词的上片,集中写愁苦难禁之状。作者一下笔就直抒胸臆,以抒情开篇的词并不罕见,但像这首词起笔便是“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚”三句连用七对叠字,实属属罕见,这十四个叠字,将一种愁苦难堪之情,自胸腑中喷薄而出,立即强烈地震撼了读者的心弦。“寻寻觅觅”四字即包含了作者流亡以来不幸之遇,又极准确。传神地表现出她在极度孤独中那种若失若有,茫无所措,要抓住一点什么的精神状态。后十个叠字既写环境又写情,将难以名状的复杂感情发展过程,由表及里,由浅入深地一层层写来,多么细腻曲折,十四个字一气而下,笼罩全篇,定下了感情基调,使以后逐次出现的景物,都染上浓重的感情色彩。
接着,作者集中写孤独难耐之情。“这次第,怎一个愁了得。”作者在最后收束以上几层可伤之事,与开篇十四字下下呼应,终于点出一个“愁”字,感情的分量非常沉重,更妙的是:全篇写愁,未了都说,这情景,用一个愁字怎么能说得尽呢?这样,在结尾一句又把诗意推进一层,犹如异峰突起,遥指天处,使通篇余音袅袅,不绝如缕。
在这首词里,作者对国破家亡的痛苦生活有深切的体验感受。心中有无限凄楚要倾吐出来,她创造了一个有利于抒情的典型环境,融情入景,从而具有鲜明个性特征的抒情主人公形象。在这里,李清照采用了丰富多变的抒情手法,有螺旋式的表情法,例如以上词里有几层可伤之事,像螺旋一样越旋越紧,一层深一层。而开篇的七对叠字,把极度的忧愁和哀痛之情照直地迸裂到字面上,同时又层层深入。可以说是兼用了奔迸式和螺旋式的表情法。还有引曼式的表情法。像“守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑”两句,就是声调深浅,长言咏叹,但词中更多地运用了含蓄蕴和的表情法,用环境,景物来烘托,作者通过铺叙,把多种表情方法结合起来运用,表现出多侧面,多层次,深刻细腻的感情。
集评
罗大经《鹤林玉露》:起头连叠七字,以妇人乃能创意出奇如此。
杨慎《词品》:宋人中填词,易安亦称冠绝,使在衣冠,当与秦七、黄九争,不独争雄于闺阁也。其词名《漱玉集》,寻之未得,《声声慢》一词,最为婉妙。
张端义《贵耳集》:此乃公孙大娘舞剑手,本朝非无能词之士,未曾有一下十四叠字者,用《文选》诸赋格。后叠又云“梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏点点滴滴”,又使叠字,俱无斧凿痕。更有一奇字云:“守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?”“黑”字不许第二人押。妇人有此文笔,殆间气也。
徐釚《词苑丛谈》:首句连下十四个叠字,真似大珠小珠落玉盘也。
刘体仁《七颂堂随笔》:易安居士“最难将息”“怎一个愁字了得”深妙稳雅,不落蒜酪,亦不落绝句,真此道本色当行第一人也。
周济《介存斋词选序论》:李易安之“凄凄惨惨戚戚”,三叠韵,六双声,是锻炼出来,非偶然拈得也。
许昂霄《词综偶评》:易安此词,颇带伧气,而昔人极口称之,殆不可解。
陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》:后幅一片神行,愈唱愈妙。
陆鎣《问花楼词话》:《声声慢》一词,顿挫凄绝。
吴灏《历朝名媛诗词》:易安以词专长,挥洒俊逸,亦能琢炼。其《声声慢》一阕,其佳处在后又下“点点滴滴”四字,与前照应有法,不是草草落句,玩其笔力,本自矫拔,词家少有,庶几苏、辛之亚。
梁绍壬《两般秋雨庵随笔》:李易安词:“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚”,连上十四叠字,则出奇制胜,真匪夷所思矣。
梁启超《中国韵文里头所表现的情感》:那种茕独凄惶的景况,非本人不能领略;所以一字一泪,都是咬着牙根咽下。
延伸阅读(英语版)
Set evaluation
Luo dajing "the crane is in the jade" : the beginning of the seven words, in the woman can be creative surprisingly so.
Yang shen, ci: the song of the song people, yi 'an also called the crown, to make the crown, when with the qin qi seven, huang jiu, not only contend with the boudoir. Its name "gargle jade", the search for it is not, "sound slow" is the most elegant.
Zhang duanyi "your ears" : this is the gongsun great niang saber, who is not a scholar of the ineffectual word, who has not had a word of fourteenth, using the "anthology" of the various fugue. After folding and cloudy, the "wutong is more and drizzle, till the evening drops", and make the folded words, without the chiseling. More a word of the word: "the window son, alone why is black?" The word "black" is not allowed. A woman has this pen, and she is almost angry.
Xu squared "word estates 丛谈" : under the first sentence even fourteen fold words, really like a big bead jade beads
Liu's "seven ode to the pen" : yi how to live "the most difficult" "how a sad word" the deep and elegant, do not drop garlic cheese, also do not fall a sentence, true this nature to be the first person also.
Zhou ji's "introduction to the word selection" : li yi 'an's "misery and misery", the Triassic, the six double sound, is the exercise, not by accident.
Xu's "ci: yi 'an" is a very popular word, but once upon a time, it was almost unsolvable.
Chen tingbai's "the speech of bai yuzhai" : the later piece of a god, the more beautiful.
Lu: "the words of the flower building" : "the voice slow" a word, the frustration is sad.
Wu hao's poems of famous ladies: yi 'an, with the words and expertise, can also be refined. Its a Que sound slow, its better in later under the "dribs and drabs" four words, with the care of mechanically, not carelessly fall, to play its saturated, since this JiaoBa, word few, showing the Sue, simba.
Liang shaoan "two kinds of autumn rain nunnery essays" : li yi an words: "seek to seek, cold and desolate, desolate and desolate, sad and miserable qi", even the 14 fold words, then unexpectedly to make a victory, really strange.
Liang qichao "the emotion in Chinese verse" : that kind of lonely and lonely situation, not I can not understand; So a word of tears, both bite the root swallow.
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