定语从句(Attributive clauses)
在句中修饰名词或代词的从句,因其修饰作用相当于形容词,故称形容词性从句,即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有:
(1)关系代词: 先行词为人:who, whom, that, whose
先行词为物:which, that, whose
(2)关系副词:when, where, why
注意: 关系词起三个作用:①连接先行词和定语从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分 what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后,但有时也被一个短语隔开。 例如:I was the only person in my office who was invited.
I. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的`先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 定语从句的构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
人 物
主格 Who/ that Which/ that
宾格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that
定语 whose Whose: …of which
(1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)whose 用来指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,。 例如:
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(指物)
The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.(指人)
(3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如: Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语,分别可表时间、地点或原因。
I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
I know the reason why he came late.
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