The poorest 10% of the world’s population, some 700 million people, live on less than $1.90 per day. And that’s adjusting for local purchasing power: they live on what $1.90 would buy in the

　　U.S. Faced with this kind of budget, and often geographically isolated, they are forced to eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water. They can only pray that they don’t succumb to malnutrition, malaria or any number of other diseases that, while perfectly curable in rich countries, frequently ruin or end lives in the developing world.

　　I don’t seek to make anyone feel guilty for exchanging luxury goods with the people they love. But it seems to me that there’s another type of giving that is, if anything, even more profound: giving the basics of life to those most in need. Sure, you might not get a thank-you letter(who does these days ), but you’ll have done something extraordinary.

　　However, I’m not just interested in people giving more to charity(although that is important). I’m also passionate about people giving smarter, because where you give can make a huge difference on the impact you’ll have.

　　What do I mean by that Well, to start with, there’s a reason I’ve been talking about the developing world. Even average earners in the West are incredibly rich compared with the global poor, so a sum of money considered moderate for some could make a huge difference in the poorest countries.

　　That’s not to say that all developing world poverty-relief charities ate good at making a difference—that’s certainly not the case. Plenty of money donated in good faith is lost to local corruption, poor administration or programs of intervention that sound great in theory but don’t achieve much in practice. As a result, it’s crucial to look at the effectiveness of the work a charity does before committing your money. How much good does it achieve for each dollar donated Is there robust evidence for the impact of its programs

　　It’s not always easy for people to find the answers, but they are vital questions to ask. That’s why there are now organizations devoted to finding and promoting the best charities. As part of the effective-altruism(利他主义) movements, they are dedicated to helping people make the biggest possible difference with their donations.

　　I love my music, and I love my headphones. But this year, the best gift I could get is to see as many people as possible giving generously to the most effective charities in the world.

　　1.What does the phrase “succumb to”(paragraph 3, line 5)mean

　　A.be unaffected byB.cease opposition to

　　C.be unconnected withD.help to cause

　　2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage

　　A.The author thinks that people giving luxury gifts to the ones they love should feel guilty.

　　B.The author believes that there is nothing more he wants because he grows up in very rich family.

　　C.The author argues that compared with those poor, an ordinary worker in the West doesn’t earn much.

　　D.The author says that some diseases which might be deadly in poor countries can be cured in developed countries.

　　3.Which of the following statements can you possibly infer from the passage

　　A.People used to receive a letter of compliment from the receiver after they donated money to charities.

　　B.Giving smarter means that those who donate should know clearly how the charity works with the government.

　　C.Some charity programs fail to achieve much and seem to be less effective because they are not very practical.

　　D.The organizations devoted to finding the best charities aim to appeal to people to donate more money.

　　4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage

　　A.Giving the basics of life to those in need

　　B.Giving best gifts to your beloved ones

　　C.Making the best gift count

　　D.The effective-altruism movement

　　四、六选四

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

　　No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you’re not careful, the word “crash” could become more than figurative.

　　We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else. 1. There are a few tricks, though, that can help.

　　2.. Even if you are the boss on your second job——you’re working for yourself——you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.

　　Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whether you’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it. 3.

　　I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.

　　Some companies don’t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits —— such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.

　　4.. Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.

　　A. Priority should definitely be given to your day job.

　　B. The same goes for your notes and other paperwork.

　　C. It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it.

　　D. Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B.