Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child — a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past,” as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.

　　Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.

　　Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listen-and-repeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.

　　All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.

　　Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.

　　Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy or memorable tune.

　　Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh’s website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”

　　1.The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.

　　A. recall the pastB. amuse the readers

　　C. introduce the topicD. compare the past with the present

　　2.According to the passage which language doesn’t share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?

　　A. HungarianB. Spanish

　　C. ItalianD. English

　　3.From the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.

　　A. singing is the best way to learn a foreign language

　　B. brain probably works best when foreign language learners sing the words

　　C. a listen-repeat method is very effective for any language learner

　　D. Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other

　　4.What’s correct about the study undertaken by the researchers at the University of Edinburgh?

　　A. Altogether twenty adults were tested in the study.

　　B. People in the 3rd group performed as well as the other 2 groups.

　　C. People in the 2nd group were asked to speak the words to a beat.

　　D. In the study 60 adults were divided into 3 groups according to abilities.

　　5.In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?

　　A. A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.

　　B. A child is going to have his first music lesson.

　　C. A student is going to learn a new English song.

　　D. An American is going to learn some Chinese.

　　With child behavior, there is almost much more than it meets the eye. Because it occurs at so many different levels, child behavior that seems simple at one level can often be much more complex and meaningful at another.

　　For instance, a little child’s pattern of getting into cupboards, drawers and closed rooms, even after being told not to, is easily considered as bad behavior. When viewed at that level, the pattern is unacceptable and could lead to punishment. But it can be viewed at a more complex and meaningful level, namely child exploration. If a child regularly experiences an angry parent who seems determined to prevent any exploratory activities, the child will decide to continue to achieve future discoveries. When parents view this behavior as born out of natural curiosity rather than simple opposition, they are more likely to accept and appropriately monitor it. Although it may lead to warning responses to ensure the child’s safety, it is less likely to lead to punishment.

　　There are countless other examples. Holding a goldfish outside its bowl is foolish at one level but also can be seen as a young child’s attempt to express physical affection for a pet. Spending time with friends rather than family is selfish at one level but also indicates a teen’s need for independence.

　　The point here is that child behavior is often exhibited in simple forms that can appear to be oppositional, selfish or generally unacceptable if viewed only at that basic level. However, when viewed at a more meaningful level, the same apparently simple behavior can be seen as something larger and potentially more adaptive. This doesn’t mean the behavior should be ignored, especially if it is inappropriate. But looking at the bigger picture of a child’s behavior, adults might gain a fuller understanding of what they’re dealing with, which can create more flexibility in how they respond.

　　1.According to Paragraph 1, we can know that child behavior ________.

　　A. is very changeableB. is inacceptable

　　C. occurs at different levelsD. is fully understood by adults

　　2.The example in Paragraph 2 mainly shows that ________.

　　A. parents should properly punish child behavior

　　B. parents should keep children’s safety in mind

　　C. children’s behavior shows their interests

　　D. there are different attitudes to child behavior

　　3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

　　A. The child will insist on doing things with determination.

　　B. The child will have to make frequent decisions.

　　C. The child will make new discoveries in the future.

　　D. The child will develop a strong sense of achievement.

　　4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.

　　A. child behavior usually reflects a child’s need

　　B. what a child does can mean differently when seen from different aspects

　　C. children tend to do something to show their dependence to their parents

　　D. children spending time with friends show their selfishness

　　5.What does the writer suggest parents should do with a child’s behavior?

　　A. Have a positive attitude towards it.